How Pakistan’s Democracy Dies in Darkness

Amid the climate of uncertainty and the persistent hullabaloo of political unrest, Pakistan's democratic framework is currently poised at a pivotal threshold. The country has faced a series of formidable challenges over the last two years, each casting a pall over the core tenets of its democracy. Issues ranging from a lack of transparency and restrictions on free press to accusations of censorship and the tremors of political instability have significantly clouded the democratic landscape of Pakistan. This analysis examines the series of events and dynamics that have critically shaped Pakistan's democratic path in the recent period, highlighting the key concerns that pose a substantial risk to the stability of its democratic base.

 

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Political Instability and Transparency

The political landscape in Pakistan over the past two years provides a vivid illustration of how political instability can impact transparency and the democratic process. In April 2021, Imran Khan was removed from office through a vote of no-confidence, marking a significant political upheaval. This event was the culmination of months of political tension, allegations of economic mismanagement, and dissatisfaction with the government's handling of various issues. The ousting of a sitting prime minister on such grounds raises questions about the stability and predictability of governance in Pakistan, making it challenging for the public to understand the underlying political dynamics and the future direction of policy and governance.

Following the ousting of Imran Khan, the country witnessed a series of protests from various political factions, including Khan's supporters who claimed the ousting was unjust and part of a broader conspiracy. The government's response, which included the arrest of political leaders and activists, further exacerbated the situation, leading to accusations of political repression and the suppression of dissent. These events make it difficult for the public to engage in open and informed debate about the country's political future, as fear of reprisal may deter free expression.

Pakistan's military and judicial influence in politics has been criticized for alleged interference, threatening democratic governance and civilian supremacy. This undermines public trust in democratic institutions, making it challenging for citizens to trust in election transparency and fairness.

Impact on Transparency and Accountability

In democracies, the transition of power is expected to be a clear and transparent process governed by the rule of law and democratic norms. However, when such transitions occur amidst allegations of political manoeuvring or external interference, it casts doubt on the fairness and transparency of the process. This doubt makes it challenging for citizens to trust that their leaders are being selected in a manner that truly reflects the will of the people.

The right to peaceful assembly and protest is crucial for democratic societies, allowing citizens to express dissent and demand accountability. However, suppression of protests signals a shift towards authoritarianism, restricting information flow and limiting public discourse. Non-elected bodies, such as the military or judiciary, can undermine democratic governance, erode public trust, and compromise transparency and accountability. Instabilities, suppression of dissent, and opaque decision-making make it difficult for the public to access information, hindering their ability to participate effectively in the democratic process and undermining the foundations of democracy itself.

 Press Freedom and Censorship

The challenges faced by journalists in Pakistan, as highlighted by international watchdogs like Reporters Without Borders (RSF), highlight a broader concern about the ability of the press to function as a pillar of democratic society.

Pakistan faces censorship, ranging from government orders to self-censorship among journalists. This suppression of critical voices weakens democracy's accountability. Physical safety is a concern, with harassment, threats, and violence against journalists engaging in investigative reporting. This environment deters critical reporting and limits public discourse, as journalists may avoid covering sensitive topics crucial for informed debate.

Press freedom restrictions in Pakistan hinder transparency in governmental and institutional actions, compromising the media's critical role in investigating corruption and misconduct. This lack of transparency hinders informed decision-making, especially in elections. Suppressing press freedom also diminishes democratic engagement, as citizens need access to diverse information and viewpoints for informed debate. A limited press leads to a less informed and engaged electorate.

Civil Liberties and Public Discourse

The environment for civil liberties in Pakistan has seen significant challenges, particularly regarding free speech and the right to peaceful assembly. Human Rights Watch's 2024 World Report highlighted increased pressure on media outlets, intimidation of journalists by the government, and the crackdown on opposition political parties following protests. The government's actions have included arbitrary arrests and the denial of due process, with some politicians and journalists charged under broad and outdated sedition laws. Despite a high court ruling against the sedition law, it remains in effect due to government appeal​​.

Global media reported the arrest and charging of at least seven journalists and political commentators with sedition and other offences, following a crackdown on supporters of former Prime Minister Imran Khan. This has raised concerns among rights and media watchdogs over the suppression of critical voices, with some of the accused being tried under stringent military laws​​.

Amnesty International criticized the ban on broadcasting critical speeches and the suspension of private news networks as a serious threat to freedom of expression. The organization stressed that such overbroad use of bans violates the right to freedom of expression, pointing out that criticism of state institutions should not be considered hate speech​​.

 Reuters provided insight into the arrests of Khan's aides and supporters, totalling nearly 5,000 since May 9, according to the Interior Minister. This campaign has led to repeated arrests and forced distancing from the party under duress, with reports of family threats and re-arrests, underscoring a concerted effort to dismantle opposition​​.

Dawn.com sheds light on the physical risks journalists face, including harassment, threats, and violence, for engaging in investigative reporting. This environment significantly hinders critical reporting and public discourse, with journalists fearing to cover sensitive topics crucial for informed debate​​.

Conclusion

The situation in Pakistan presses the critical need for transparency, accountability, and inclusiveness in democratic processes, emphasizing the protection of press freedom and speech. India, with its rich democratic heritage, is poised to reaffirm its dedication to these values, ensuring transparent political processes, judicial independence, fair elections, and the safeguarding of journalists' and activists' rights. By promoting open dialogue and tolerance for dissent, India not only solidifies its democratic foundation but also positions itself as a regional exemplar of democracy. This approach not only strengthens India's democratic resilience but also contributes to regional stability and prosperity, enhancing India's global stature and advocating for democratic integrity across South Asia. In essence, Pakistan's current predicament provides India with a valuable perspective to enhance its democracy, advocating for a future where democratic principles are universally embraced, benefiting both India and its neighbouring countries.

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