Lactose Intolerence: Causes,Symptoms & Preventive measures

Dr. Mushtaq Ahmad ✉

Lactose intolerance is a common digestive problem where the body is unable to digest lactose, a type of sugar mainly found in milk and dairy products. Increasingly prevalent in today's global population, it sparks conversations about diet, genetics, and adaptation. This story explores what lactose intolerance is, its rising occurrence, and how those affected can manage their condition effectively.

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Causes

Lactose intolerance results from the body's inability to produce enough lactase, an enzyme necessary for digesting lactose. Unlike a milk allergy, which is an immune response to proteins in milk, lactose intolerance centres on the digestive system's challenge in breaking down lactose, leading to discomfort and gastrointestinal symptoms.

Prevalence

Globally, it's estimated that about 68% of the population may experience some degree of lactose intolerance, with variations across different ethnic and racial groups. Factors contributing to its development include genetics—where certain populations have higher predispositions—age, as lactase production decreases with age, and specific medical conditions or surgeries affecting the small intestine. The perception of its growing prevalence may be due to increased awareness and diagnostic rates.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Symptoms of lactose intolerance include bloating, diarrhoea, gas, and abdominal pain, usually occurring within a few hours of consuming lactose-containing foods. Diagnosis often involves medical history assessment, lactose tolerance tests, and sometimes hydrogen breath tests to confirm lactose malabsorption.

Management

Managing lactose intolerance primarily involves dietary adjustments to minimize or avoid lactose consumption. Foods commonly to be avoided or consumed in moderation include milk, cheese, and certain dairy products. Fortunately, lactose-free milk and dairy alternatives, such as soy, almond, and oat milk, are widely available. Reading food labels and being mindful of hidden lactose sources is crucial.

What Doctors and Researchers Say?

Recent research continues to shed light on lactose intolerance, exploring everything from genetic factors to innovative treatments. Healthcare professionals emphasize the importance of a balanced diet while managing lactose intake and the potential for some individuals to tolerate small amounts of lactose, particularly when consumed with other foods. Recent studies emphasize the importance of distinguishing between lactose intolerance and milk allergy, understanding the genetic basis, and implementing effective dietary management. Researchers also highlight the role of the gut microbiome in lactose digestion and the potential benefits of a low-FODMAP diet for those with irritable bowel syndrome and lactose intolerance.

Conclusion

Lactose intolerance is a manageable condition that requires awareness and dietary adjustments. It's important to consult healthcare professionals for accurate diagnosis and personalized advice on managing lactose intolerance and ensuring a balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle.

For more detailed insights on lactose intolerance and its management, the following resources provide comprehensive information:

Deng, Y., Misselwitz, B., Dai, N., & Fox, M. (2015). Lactose Intolerance in Adults: Biological Mechanism and Dietary Management.

Catanzaro, R., Sciuto, M., & Marotta, F. (2021). Lactose intolerance: An update on its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.

Misselwitz, B., Butter, M., Verbeke, K., & Fox, M. (2019). Update on lactose malabsorption and intolerance: pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical management.